General Surgery
General Surgery is the medical specialty that deals with operative and non-operative management of conditions requiring surgical intervention, mainly involving the abdomen and related organs.
A general surgeon manages:
•Emergency surgical conditions
•Elective surgeries
•Trauma cases
•Post-operative care
•Surgical ICU management
Gastrointestinal Tract
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine (colon)
- Rectum and anus
Common surgeries:
- Appendectomy
- Hernia repair
- Bowel obstruction surgery
- Colon surgery
Hepatobiliary System
Hepatobiliary System
- Liver
- Gall bladder
- Bile ducts
Common surgeries:
- Gall bladder removal (cholecystectomy)
- Liver cyst surgery
- Bile duct surgery
Diseases treated:
- Pancreatitis complications
- Pancreatic tumors
- Pancreatic cysts
General surgeons also treat some endocrine glands:
- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid gland
- Adrenal gland
Common surgeries:
- Thyroidectomy
- Parathyroid surgery
Breast diseases treated include:
- Breast lumps
- Breast infections
- Breast cancer surgery
Procedures:
- Lumpectomy
- Mastectomy
- Abscess drainage
General surgeons treat:
- Lipoma • Sebaceous cyst • Abscess • Soft tissue tumors • Wound management • Diabetic foot
- Breast infections
- Breast cancer surgery
Very common in general surgery.
Types:
- Inguinal hernia
- Umbilical hernia
- Femoral hernia
- Incisional hernia
Treatment:
- Hernia repair
- Mesh repair
Common General Surgical Procedures
Abdominal Surgeries
Hernia Surgeries
Minor Surgeries
Cancer Surgeries
Open Surgery
Traditional surgery with a large incision.
Example:
- Open appendectomy
Laparoscopic Surgery (Keyhole Surgery)
Minimally invasive surgery using small cuts and a camera.
Advantages:
- Less pain
- Small scars
- Faster recovery
- Short hospital stay
Common laparoscopic surgeries:
- Laparoscopic appendectomy
- Laparoscopic hernia repair
- Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Emergency Surgery
Performed immediately to save life.
Examples:
- Road traffic accident surgery
- Intestinal perforation
- Acute appendicitis
- Internal bleeding
Acute Conditions
- Acute appendicitis
- Intestinal obstruction
- Peritonitis
- Gall bladder infection
- Trauma injuries
Chronic Conditions
- Hernia
- Gall stones
- Thyroid disease
- Breast lumps
Before surgery, surgeons evaluate patients through:
Investigations:
- Blood tests
- Ultrasound
- CT scan
- ECG
- X-ray
Patient preparation:
- Fasting
- Antibiotics
- Anesthesia evaluation
After surgery patients need:
- Pain management
- Antibiotics
- Fluid management
- Wound care
- Monitoring complications
Possible complications:
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Hernia recurrence
- Organ injury
From general surgery many super-specialties developed:
- Gastrointestinal surgery
- Colorectal surgery
- Hepatobiliary surgery
- Breast surgery
- Endocrine surgery
- Minimal access surgery
- Surgical oncology
- Trauma surgery
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